Endocrine Glands and Hormones The neural system helps our organs work together quickly. But its effects don’t last long. Not all cells are connected by nerves, and some functions need to be regulated continuously. This is where hormones come in.…
Neural vs. Endocrine System Introduction Neural and Endocrine Systems Neural System Basics Human Neural System Two Main Parts PNS Divisions Neuron: The Basic Unit of the Neural System Parts of a Neuron Types of Neurons Types of Axons Generation and…
Locomotion and Types of Movement Movement in Living Beings Locomotion Link Between Movement and Locomotion Reasons for Locomotion Types of Movement Amoeboid Movement Ciliary Movement Muscular Movement In this chapter, you will learn about: Muscles Introduction to Muscles Types of…
Excretion Process & Structures Introduction Nitrogenous Wastes Excretion Processes Excretory Structures in Animals Examples of Excretory Structures Human Excretory System The human excretory system includes: Kidneys Nephrons Types of Nephrons Blood Supply Urine Formation Urine formation happens in three main…
Blood Blood 1. Plasma 2. Blood: Formed Elements a. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) b. Leucocytes (White Blood Cells) c. Platelets (Thrombocytes) Blood Groups ABO Grouping Rh Grouping By knowing these blood groupings, we can ensure safe blood transfusions and manage…
Breathing and Respiratory Organs Importance of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide: What is Breathing? Respiratory Organs Different Animals Have Different Breathing Mechanisms: Vertebrates: Human Respiratory System Structure of the Respiratory System: Lungs: Respiratory Parts: Thoracic Chamber: Steps in Respiration: Mechanism of…
Growth Introduction Seed Germination Factors Affecting Growth Growth Key Points 1. Plant Growth is Indeterminate 2. Growth is Measurable 3. Phases of Growth Key Points 4. Growth Rates 5. Conditions for Growth Key Points Differentiation, Dedifferentiation, and Redifferentiation Differentiation Dedifferentiation…
Respiration Why is Breathing Important? How Do We Get Energy? Energy from Food Photosynthesis vs. Respiration How Does Respiration Work? Importance of ATP Do Plants Breathe? Do Plants Need Oxygen? How Do Plants Exchange Gases? Why No Specialized Organs? How…
Understanding Photosynthesis Introduction to Photosynthesis: Importance of Photosynthesis: What Do We Know About Photosynthesis? Key Requirements: Simple Experiments: Conclusion: Early Experiments in Photosynthesis Joseph Priestley’s Experiments (1770s): Jan Ingenhousz’s Findings (1790s): Julius von Sachs’s Contributions (1854): T.W. Engelmann’s Experiment (Late…
Cell Cycle Introduction Phases of Cell Cycle M Phase (Mitosis Phase) Interphase G1 Phase (Gap 1) S Phase (Synthesis) G2 Phase (Gap 2) Special Cases Cell Division in Animals and Plants M Phase Overview Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Significance…
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